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Haploid cells are capable of mating with other haploid cells of the opposite mating type (an a cell can only mate with an α cell and vice versa) to produce a stable diploid cell. Diploid cells, usually upon facing stressful conditions like nutrient depletion, can undergo meiosis to produce four haploid spores: two a spores and two α spores ...
Two forms of yeast cells can survive and grow: haploid and diploid. The haploid cells undergo a simple lifecycle of mitosis and growth, and under conditions of high stress will, in general, die. This is the asexual form of the fungus. The diploid cells (the preferential 'form' of yeast) similarly undergo a simple lifecycle of mitosis and growth.
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reproduces by mitosis as diploid cells when nutrients are abundant, but when starved, this yeast undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores. [52] Haploid cells may then reproduce asexually by mitosis.
However, when starved, diploid cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores. [13] Mating occurs when haploid cells of opposite mating type, MATa and MATα, come into contact. Ruderfer et al. [14] pointed out that such contacts are frequent between closely related yeast cells for two reasons. The first is that cells of opposite mating type are ...
7) The diploid zygote which has just been fertilized by the union of haploid egg and sperm during sex. 8) Cells of the diploid structure quickly undergo meiosis to produce spores containing the meiotically halved number of chromosomes, restoring haploidy. These spores express either the mother's dominant gene or the father's recessive gene and ...
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mating-type is determined by two non-homologous alleles at the mating-type locus. S. cerevisiae has the capability of undergoing mating-type switching, that is conversion of some haploid cells in a colony from one mating-type to the other. Mating-type switching can occur as frequently as once every ...
In some smuts such as Mycosarcoma maydis the nuclei migrate into the promycelium that becomes septate (i.e., divided into cellular compartments separated by cell walls called septa), and haploid yeast-like conidia/basidiospores sometimes called sporidia, bud off laterally from each cell. In various smuts, the yeast phase may proliferate, or ...
Once the cell membranes, cytoplasm, and pronuclei fuse, the resulting single cell is diploid, containing two copies of the genome. This diploid cell, called a zygote or zygospore can then enter meiosis (a process of chromosome duplication, recombination, and division, to produce four new haploid cells), or continue to divide by mitosis.