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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic ...
A Type 1 Product refers to an NSA endorsed classified or controlled cryptographic item for classified or sensitive U.S. government information, including cryptographic equipment, assembly or component classified or certified by NSA for encrypting and decrypting classified and sensitive national security information when appropriately keyed.
Symmetric key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with the same key used to encode (e.g., AES) Public-key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with a different key used to encode (e.g., RSA) Digital signatures—confirm the author of a message; Mix network—pool communications from many users to anonymize what came from whom
Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία-logia, "study", respectively [1]), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [2]
In my experience and reading, 'cypher' is a variant spelling which appeared at a time when British writers were generally fairly free and easy about changing 'i' to 'y'. Some of these variants (e.g. ' wyvern ') became accepted or even preferred orthography ; some died utterly (e.g. 'kyng'); while others, like 'cypher', lingered for a long time.
In cryptography and computer science, a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every "leaf" node is labelled with the cryptographic hash of a data block, and every node that is not a leaf (called a branch, inner node, or inode) is labelled with the cryptographic hash of the labels of its child nodes.
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The most obvious and, in principle at least, simplest way of cracking a code is to steal the codebook through bribery, burglary, or raiding parties — procedures sometimes glorified by the phrase "practical cryptography" — and this is a weakness for both codes and ciphers, though codebooks are generally larger and used longer than cipher ...