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Oxalis pes-caprae, commonly known as African wood-sorrel, Bermuda buttercup, Bermuda sorrel, buttercup oxalis, Cape sorrel, English weed, goat's-foot, sourgrass, soursob or soursop; Afrikaans: suring; Arabic: hommayda (حميضة), [2] is a species of tristylous yellow-flowering plant in the wood sorrel family Oxalidaceae.
The compound annonacin is contained in the fruit, seeds, and leaves of soursop. [17] [18] [19] The leaves of Annona muricata contain annonamine, which is an aporphine-class alkaloid containing a quaternary ammonium group. [20] The plant also contains lichexanthone, a compound in the xanthone class. [21]
Annona montana, the mountain soursop, is a tree and its edible fruit in the Annonaceae family native to Central America, the Amazon, and islands in the Caribbean. It has fibrous fruits. [ 4 ] A. montana may be used as a rootstock for cultivated Annonas .
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas [3] commonly known as the custard apple family [4] [3] or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, [ 5 ] it is the largest family in the Magnoliales .
Several species are grown as pot plants or as ornamental plants in gardens, for example, O. versicolor. Oxalis flowers range in colour from whites to yellow, peaches, pink, or multi-coloured flowers. [11] Some varieties have double flowers, for example the double form of O. compressus.
The steroids and sterols in animals are biologically produced from terpenoid precursors. Sometimes terpenoids are added to proteins, e.g., to enhance their attachment to the cell membrane; this is known as isoprenylation. Terpenoids play a role in plant defense as prophylaxis against pathogens and attractants for the predators of herbivores. [6]
Carbon on Earth naturally occurs in two stable isotopes, with 98.9% in the form of 12 C and 1.1% in 13 C. [1] [8] The ratio between these isotopes varies in biological organisms due to metabolic processes that selectively use one carbon isotope over the other, or "fractionate" carbon through kinetic or thermodynamic effects. [1]
Volatile phenolic compounds are found in plant resin where they may attract benefactors such as parasitoids or predators of the herbivores that attack the plant. [ 78 ] In the kelp species Alaria marginata , phenolics act as chemical defence against herbivores. [ 79 ]