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Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
Example of direct replication and conceptual replication There are two main types of replication in statistics. First, there is a type called “exact replication” (also called "direct replication"), which involves repeating the study as closely as possible to the original to see whether the original results can be precisely reproduced. [ 3 ]
According to ISO 5725-1, accuracy consists of trueness (proximity of the mean of measurement results to the true value) and precision (repeatability or reproducibility of the measurement). While precision is a description of random errors (a measure of statistical variability ), accuracy has two different definitions:
For example, a reading test that is administered in September to a third grade class may yield different results when retaken in June. One would expect some change in children's reading ability over that span of time, a low test–retest correlation might reflect real changes in the attribute itself.
The Kjeldahl method or Kjeldahl digestion (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰelˌtɛˀl]) in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of a sample's organic nitrogen plus ammonia/ammonium (NH 3 /NH 4 +).
[1] The change in the extent of reaction is then defined as [2] [3] = where denotes the number of moles of the reactant or product and is the stoichiometric number [4] of the reactant or product. Although less common, we see from this expression that since the stoichiometric number can either be considered to be dimensionless or to have units ...
The simplest example of a reproducing kernel Hilbert space is the space (,) where is a set and is the counting measure on . For x ∈ X {\displaystyle x\in X} , the reproducing kernel K x {\displaystyle K_{x}} is the indicator function of the one point set { x } ⊂ X {\displaystyle \{x\}\subset X} .
[1] [2] As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as the solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified. [3] [4] A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid, but is ...