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Prior to Han Chinese migration from the north, the Yue tribes cultivated wet rice, practiced fishing and slash-and-burn agriculture, domesticated water buffalo, built stilt houses, tattooed their faces and dominated the coastal regions from shores all the way to the fertile valleys in the interior mountains.
[24] [25] [26] To exercise even greater control to sinicize and displace the indigenous Yue tribes, Qin Shi Huang forced the settlement of thousands of Han Chinese immigrants, many of which were convicted felons and exiles to move from northern China to settle in the newly annexed Qin domains.
The following ethnic groups living in China are not recognized by the Chinese government: Äynu people – classified as Uyghurs; Altai people – classified as Mongols [12] Fuyu Kyrgyz people – classified as Kyrgyz; Gejia people – classified as Miao; Bajia (八甲人; Bājiǎrén) Deng people; Hu people – classified as Bulang
The next mention of the Yuezhi in Chinese sources is found in chapter 96A of the Book of Han (completed in AD 111), relating to the early 1st century BC. At this time, the Yuezhi are described as occupying the whole of Bactria, organized into five major tribes or xīhóu [s]. [47] These tribes were known to the Chinese as:
For instance, Sima Qian's (c. 109–91 BCE) Shiji history traces the Chinese lineage of King Goujian of Yue back to Yu the Great, legendary founder of the Xia dynasty (41): [61] "Gou Jian, the king of Yue, was the descendant of Yu and the grandson of Shao Kang of the Xia. He was enfeoffed at Kuaiji and maintained ancestral sacrifices to Yu.
Yue Chinese is spoken by 35% of the total population of Guangxi, being one of the two largest languages in that province, along with Zhuang. [24] In China, as of 2004, 60% of all Yue speakers lived in Guangdong, 28.3% lived in Guangxi, and 11.6% lived in Hong Kong. [24]
Speakers of other Yue Chinese dialects, such as the Taishanese people who speak Taishanese, may or may not be considered Cantonese. The Hakka and Min-speaking people (such as Hoklo, Teochew and Leizhounese) who also reside in Guangdong are usually differentiated from the Cantonese as they speak non-Yue Chinese languages.
The Shanyue (山越) were an ancient conglomeration of upland Yue hill tribes living in what is today the mountainous regions of Southern China and Northern Vietnam during the Han dynasty. Since the Southern part of modern China prior to the Qin conquest was not yet controlled by the Han dynasty.