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Cats are carnivores. The kidney is a vital organ with a variety of tasks. It plays an important role in maintaining the water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, in the excretion of toxic metabolic degradation products such as urea and in the recovery of valuable substances such as glucose, amino acids, peptides and minerals initially filtered out of the blood during ultrafiltration in the ...
Blood tests are also used to assess kidney function. These include tests that are intended to directly measure the function of the kidneys, as well as tests that assess the function of the kidneys by looking for evidence of problems associated with abnormal function. One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 is considered normal without chronic kidney disease if there is no kidney damage present. Kidney damage is defined as signs of damage seen in blood, urine, or imaging studies which include lab albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30. [62]
Renal dysplasia is a type of familial kidney disease characterized by abnormal cellular differentiation of kidney tissue. Dogs and cats with kidney disease caused by these diseases have the typical symptoms of kidney failure, including weight loss, loss of appetite, depression, and increased water consumption and urination. [1]
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a generic category term to describe any disorder affecting the bladder or urethra of cats. [1] It encompasses around 10 different diseases of the lower urinary tract, all of which can present with very similar symptoms: [2] frequent urination ; blood in urine
Equine kidney blood supply. The mammalian kidney is the organ that has the most complex vascular blood system compared to other organs. [105] Despite their small size, the kidneys of mammals account for a significant part of the minute volume of blood circulation. [106]
Hypercalcemia, also spelled hypercalcaemia, is a high calcium (Ca 2+) level in the blood serum. [1] [3] The normal range for total calcium is 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), with levels greater than 2.6 mmol/L defined as hypercalcemia. [1] [2] [4] Those with a mild increase that has developed slowly typically have no ...
Cats can tolerate transplantation from unrelated cats, but must be supported with immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their lives. When the transplanted kidney is implanted in the recipient the original kidneys are usually left in place. [1] There are currently ten centers in the world that offer kidney transplants for cats. Most are in the US.
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