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  2. Point mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_mutation

    A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence of an organism's genome. [1] Point mutations have a variety of effects on the downstream protein product—consequences that are moderately predictable based upon the specifics of the mutation.

  3. Transversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversion

    Illustration of a transversion: each of the 8 nucleotide changes between a purine and a pyrimidine (in red). The 4 other changes are transitions (in blue).. Transversion, in molecular biology, refers to a point mutation in DNA in which a single (two ring) purine (A or G) is changed for a (one ring) pyrimidine (T or C), or vice versa. [1]

  4. Mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

    Point mutations are modifications of single base pairs of DNA or other small base pairs within a gene. A point mutation can be reversed by another point mutation, in which the nucleotide is changed back to its original state (true reversion) or by second-site reversion (a complementary mutation elsewhere that results in regained gene ...

  5. Molecular genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_genetics

    The phenotype is used to deduce the function of the un-mutated version of the gene. Mutations may be random or intentional changes to the gene of interest. Mutations may be a missense mutation caused by nucleotide substitution, a nucleotide addition or deletion to induce a frameshift mutation, or a complete addition/deletion of a gene or gene ...

  6. DNA shuffling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_shuffling

    Point mutations result in single nucleotide changes whereas insertions and deletions result in the addition or removal of nucleotides, respectively. [1] [2] DNA shuffling enables the recombination of parent genes which dramatically increases the rate of directed evolution. [3]

  7. Behavior mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_mutation

    A point mutation in the structural gene for Monoamine Oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is responsible for the breakdown of neurotransmitters. [8] This mutation is X-linked, affecting only males, and eliminates the production of MAO-A. Males afflicted with this mutation are prone to mild mental retardation as well as violent and antisocial behaviour.

  8. Molecular lesion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_lesion

    Ball and Stick Model of Double Helical DNA. A molecular lesion or point lesion is damage to the structure of a biological molecule such as DNA, RNA, or protein.This damage may result in the reduction or absence of normal function, and in rare cases the gain of a new function.

  9. Site-directed mutagenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site-directed_mutagenesis

    Site-directed mutagenesis was achieved in 1974 in the laboratory of Charles Weissmann using a nucleotide analogue N 4-hydroxycytidine, which induces transition of GC to AT. [7] [8] These methods of mutagenesis, however, are limited by the kind of mutation they can achieve, and they are not as specific as later site-directed mutagenesis methods.