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Apocynum cannabinum grows up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall. The stems are reddish and contain a milky latex.The leaves are opposite, simple, broad, and lanceolate, 7–15 cm (2 + 3 ⁄ 4 –6 in) long and 3–5 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 4 –2 in) broad, entire, and smooth on top with white hairs on the underside.
"Potentiates digitalis activity, increases coronary dilation effects of theophylline, caffeine, papaverine, sodium nitrate, adenosine and epinephrine, increase barbiturate-induced sleeping times" [3] Horse chestnut: conker tree, conker Aesculus hippocastanum: Liver toxicity, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis [3] Kava: awa, kava-kava [4] Piper ...
There is a similar-looking pest species of leaf beetle in a related genus, Plesispa reichei, also sometimes referred to as the "coconut leaf beetle", which is distinguished only with some difficulty from B. longissima; primarily by its slightly broader body and stronger punctation.
The leaves are used as herbal medicine to alleviate cough and fever, pain, and general gastrointestinal disorders as well as to cure dermatologic disorders. Similarly, the fruit juice and oils can be used in the treatment of liver disease, gastrointestinal disorders, chronic wounds or other dermatological disorders. [86] Hoodia gordonii: Hoodia
pimobendan – phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor used to manage heart failure in dogs; pirlimycin – antimicrobial; ponazuril – anticoccidial; praziquantel – treatment of infestations of the tapeworms Dipylidium caninum, Taenia pisiformis, Echinococcus granulosus; prazosin – sympatholytic used in hypertension and abnormal muscle contractions
A cat eating grass – an example of zoopharmacognosy. Zoopharmacognosy is a behaviour in which non-human animals self-medicate by selecting and ingesting or topically applying plants, soils and insects with medicinal properties, to prevent or reduce the harmful effects of pathogens, toxins, and even other animals.
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Cinnabar has been used in Traditional Chinese medicine as a sedative for more than 2000 years, and has been shown to have sedative and toxic effects in mice. [111] In addition to being used for insomnia, cinnabar is thought to be effective for cold sores, sore throat, and some skin infections. [112]