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Government flags used from 1810 to 1885. The Kingdom of Merina, also known as the Kingdom of Madagascar and officially the Kingdom of Imerina (Malagasy: Fanjakan'Imerina; c. 1540 –1897), was a pre-colonial state off the coast of Southeast Africa that, by the 18th century, dominated most of what is now Madagascar.
Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Madagascar in the 19th century. Before the uniting of Madagascar, succession was based on the current monarch's designation of an heir, typically from among his or her own children.
Extent and expansion of Merina Kingdom on the island of Madagascar under Ranavalona I, 1828–1840. Queen Ranavalona continued the military incursions initiated under Radama I to pacify neighboring kingdoms and maintain their submission to Merina rule. These policies had a strongly negative effect on economic and population growth during her reign.
The Merina people (also known as the Imerina, Antimerina, Borizany or Ambaniandro [3]) formerly called Amboalambo are the largest ethnic group in Madagascar. [4] [5] They are the "highlander" Malagasy ethnic group of the African island and one of the country's eighteen official ethnic groups.
Madagascar—Gathering of The People for The Making of Laws (LMS, 1869, p.52) [76] King Andrianampoinimerina (1785–1810) and his son, Radama I (1810–1828) succeeded in uniting nearly all of Madagascar under Merina rule.
The Franco-Hova Wars, also known as the Franco-Malagasy Wars, were two French military interventions in Madagascar between 1883 and 1896 that overthrew the ruling monarchy of the Merina Kingdom, and resulted in Madagascar becoming a French colony. The term "Hova" referred to a social class within the Merina class structure.
Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs [1] that ruled in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Kingdom of Merina: Andrianerinerina* (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina) Andriananjavonana*
Andrianampoinimerina was born Ramboasalamarazaka (short form: Ramboasalama) [1] around 1745 in Ikaloy, in central Madagascar, to Princess Ranavalonandriambelomasina, daughter of King Andriambelomasina of Imerina (1730-1770), and her husband Andriamiaramanjaka, an andriana (noble) of the Zafimamy royal family in the independent kingdom of Alahamadintany to the north of Imerina.