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Phineas P. Gage (1823–1860) was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable: 19 survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining 12 years of his life—effects sufficiently ...
Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain is a 1994 book by neuroscientist António Damásio describing the physiology of rational thought and decision, and how the faculties could have evolved through Darwinian natural selection. [1]
Phineas Gage, who sustained a severe frontal lobe injury in 1848, has been called a case of dysexecutive syndrome. Gage's psychological changes are almost always exaggerated – of the symptoms listed, the only ones Gage can be said to have exhibited are "anger and frustration", slight memory impairment, and "difficulty in planning". [21]
He writes that the brain can stumble after injury, and the results can be serious. For example, if the visual cortex suffers damage, the person afflicted will lose many things, one of which being basic perceptual skills. Damage to the parietal lobe causes the loss of the ability to locate objects in space.
The injury in penetrating brain trauma is mostly focal (that is, it affects a specific area of tissue). [2] Studies with PET scanning and transcranial Doppler imaging have shown that changes in cerebral blood flow, such as hypoperfusion and vasospasm, can follow penetrating head injury. [5] These changes can last for two weeks. [5]
Van Horn "et al." (2012) showed that the damage to white matter was far more extensive than the damage to the cerebral cortex, and probably had a greater influence on the reported behavioral changes. which (partly because "showed" is way too strong given science's still-primitive knowledge of how damage X translates into behavior Y) I modified ...
This personality change is characteristic of damage to the frontal lobe, and was exemplified in the case of Phineas Gage. The frontal lobe is the same part of the brain that is responsible for executive functions such as planning for the future, judgment, decision-making skills, attention span, and inhibition. These functions can decrease ...
Phineas Gage Skull of Phineas Gage. The Warren Anatomical Museum, housed within Harvard Medical School's Countway Library of Medicine, was founded in 1847 by Harvard professor John Collins Warren, [1] whose personal collection of 160 [2] unusual and instructive anatomical and pathological specimens now forms the nucleus of the museum's 15,000-item collection. [3]