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A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [ 5 ] TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating head ...
Acquired brain injury (ABI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), focal or diffuse, primary and secondary. Brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
In traumatic brain injury (TBI), primary brain injury occurs during the initial insult, and results from displacement of the physical structures of the brain. [ 1 ] Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular processes. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Secondary injury, which is not caused by mechanical damage, can result from the ...
The terms mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), mild head injury (MHI), and concussion may be used interchangeably; [143] [88] although the term "concussion" is still used in sports literature as interchangeable with "MHI" or "mTBI", the general clinical medical literature uses "mTBI" instead, since a 2003 CDC report outlined ...
Strich first proposed the idea in 1956, calling it diffuse degeneration of white matter; however, the more concise term "diffuse axonal injury" came to be preferred. [38] Strich was researching the relationship between dementia and head trauma [ 37 ] and asserted in 1956 that DAI played an integral role in the eventual development of dementia ...
The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) was founded in 1986 to develop research on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since its formation the foundation's mission has expanded to improving the outcome of TBI patients nationwide through working to implement evidence-based guidelines for prehospital and in-hospital care, quality-improvement programs, and coordinating educational programs for medical ...
Cerebral contusion (Latin: contusio cerebri), a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue. [ 2 ] Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple micro hemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue. Contusion occurs in 20–30% of severe head injuries. [ 3 ]
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people. [1][2] Overall, closed-head injuries and other forms of mild ...