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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. The five levels of the hierarchy are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Self-actualize is the final stage of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, so not every human being reaches it. To Maslow, self-actualization meant the desire for self-fulfillment, or a person’s tendency to be actualized in what he or she is potentially.
Erikson proposed a series of predetermined stages related to personality development. The stages are time related. Progression through the stages is based on life circumstances and achievement (i.e., it is flexible). Progression through the stages is based a person’s age (i.e., rigid).
The approach recognizes both the influence of nature and nurture, nurture- the influence of experiences on a person’s ways of perceiving and understanding the world, nature- influence of biological drives and needs (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs).
Bloom’s Taxonomy is a set of three hierarchical models used to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity. The three lists cover the learning objectives in cognitive, affective, and sensory domains, namely: thinking skills, emotional responses, and physical skills.
The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory) argues that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction exist in two different ways, each with its own set of factors. This contradicts the traditional view of job satisfaction, which posits that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are interdependent.
Self-determination theory focuses on the interplay between the extrinsic forces acting on persons and the intrinsic motive and needs of human beings. People can generally be motivated by outside factors such as money, acclaim, and fame, and this type of motivation is known as extrinsic.
The id is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche that responds directly and immediately to basic urges, needs, and desires. The personality of the newborn child is all id, and only later does it develop an ego and super-ego.
Bureaucratic theory stresses that organizations are formal, rational systems with well-defined rules and procedures, defined by specialization, hierarchy, well-trained employees, managerial dedication, and the impartiality of management.
Fromm outlined five essential human needs: relatedness, rootedness, transcendence, sense of identity, and frame of orientation. The absence of these, according to Fromm, would cause mental and social problems such as alienation.