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3% of newborns (US) [8] Deaths. 628,000 (2015) [9] A birth defect[a] is an abnormal condition that is present at birth, regardless of its cause. [2] Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. [2] The disabilities can range from mild to severe. [6]
Genes. Frequency. 0.01%. Situs inversus (also called situs transversus or oppositus) is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions. The normal arrangement of internal organs is known as situs solitus. Although cardiac problems are more common, many people with situs inversus ...
Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [ 9 ] Latin for 'split spine') [ 10 ] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [ 1 ] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [ 1 ]
Moebius syndrome. A child with oromandibular-limb hypogenesis-Möbius syndrome. Notice the expressionless face (due to bilateral VII nerve palsies) and missing fingers. Möbius syndrome or Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital neurological disorder which is characterized by facial paralysis and the inability to move the eyes from side to side.
Medical genetics. Amelia is the birth defect of lacking one or more limbs. [1][2] The term may be modified to indicate the number of legs or arms missing at birth, such as tetra-amelia for the absence of all four limbs. The term is from Ancient Greek ἀ- 'lack of' and μέλος 'limb'.
Lissencephaly (/ ˌlɪs.ɛnˈsɛf.əl.i /, meaning 'smooth brain') [1] is a set of rare brain disorders whereby the whole or parts of the surface of the brain appear smooth. [2] It is caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation, resulting in a lack of development of brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci). [3]
Cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. [1] Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, [1][3] but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. [1] There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speech. [1]
Some degree of weight gain is expected during pregnancy. The enlarging uterus, growing fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, normal increase in body fat, and increase in water retention all contribute weight gain during pregnancy. The amount of weight gain can vary from 5 pounds (2.3 kg) to over 100 pounds (45 kg).