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The Four Prism Dioptre Reflex Test (also known as the 4 PRT, or 4 Prism Dioptre Base-out Test) is an objective, non-dissociative test used to prove the alignment of both eyes (i.e. the presence of binocular single vision) by assessing motor fusion. [1] Through the use of a 4 dioptre base out prism, diplopia is induced which is the driving force ...
Specialty. Ophthalmology. Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than exophoria. People with exotropia often experience crossed diplopia. Intermittent exotropia is a fairly common condition. "Sensory exotropia" occurs in the presence ...
Failed back syndrome or post-laminectomy syndrome is a condition characterized by chronic pain following back surgeries. [1] [2] Many factors can contribute to the onset or development of FBS, including residual or recurrent spinal disc herniation, persistent post-operative pressure on a spinal nerve, altered joint mobility, joint hypermobility with instability, scar tissue (), depression ...
Dec. 4—EAU CLAIRE — Mayo Clinic Health System opened a new Spine Center which will help people with back pain receive the correct treatment quickly. On Monday, Mayo Clinic opened the new center.
Spinal precautions. Spinal precautions, also known as spinal immobilization and spinal motion restriction, are efforts to prevent movement of the spine in those with a risk of a spine injury. [1] This is done as an effort to prevent injury to the spinal cord. [1] It is estimated that 2% of people with blunt trauma will have a spine injury.
Esotropia (from Greek eso 'inward' and trope 'a turning' [1]) is a form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. [2] It is the opposite of exotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than ...
Neurology. A cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak or CSFL) is a medical condition where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord leaks out of one or more holes or tears in the dura mater. [1] A CSF leak is classed as either spontaneous (primary), having no known cause (sCSF leak), or nonspontaneous (secondary) where ...
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis from the disease spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis. [ 5 ] It is characterized by long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine, typically where the spine joins the pelvis. [ 2 ] With AS, eye and bowel problems—as well as back pain—may occur. [ 2 ]