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Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work ( peers ). [1] It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility.
Scholarly peer review or academic peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of having a draft version of a researcher's methods and findings reviewed (usually anonymously) by experts (or "peers") in the same field. Peer review is widely used for helping the academic publisher (that is, the editor-in-chief, the editorial board or the ...
Clinical peer review. Clinical peer review, also known as medical peer review is the process by which health care professionals, including those in nursing and pharmacy, evaluate each other's clinical performance. [1] [2] A discipline-specific process may be referenced accordingly (e.g., physician peer review, nursing peer review ).
A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic. [1] A systematic review extracts and interprets data from published studies on the topic (in the scientific literature), then analyzes, describes, critically appraises and summarizes interpretations into a refined evidence-based ...
Open peer review is the various possible modifications of the traditional scholarly peer review process. The three most common modifications to which the term is applied are: [1] Open identities: Authors and reviewers are aware of each other's identity.
The purpose of a peer review is to provide "a disciplined engineering practice for detecting and correcting defects in software artifacts, and preventing their leakage into field operations" according to the Capability Maturity Model . When performed as part of each Software development process activity, peer reviews identify problems that can ...
Peer critique. Peer critique, a specialized form of critique, is the common practice of professional peers, especially writers, reviewing and providing constructive criticism of each other's work before that work is turned in for credit or professional review. Writers in many genres and professions, including fiction writers and technical ...
A review article is an article that summarizes the current state of understanding on a topic within a certain discipline. [ 1][ 2] A review article is generally considered a secondary source since it may analyze and discuss the method and conclusions in previously published studies. It resembles a survey article or, in news publishing, overview ...