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Medical paternalism is a set of attitudes and practices in medicine in which a physician determines that a patient's wishes or choices should not be honored. These practices were current through the early to mid 20th century, and were characterised by a paternalistic attitude, surrogate decision-making and a lack of respect for patient autonomy ...
Paternalism can also imply that the behavior is against or regardless of the will of a person, or also that the behavior expresses an attitude of superiority. [2] Paternalism, paternalistic and paternalist have all been used as a pejorative for example in the context of societal and/or political realms and references. [1]
These practices call into question the ethics behind them. [13] Potential problems that can arise are: patients' deception, which can later induce negative repercussions after finding out about the lie [14] the patient's autonomy being threatened as a result not seeking a second professional opinion. [15]
Nursing ethics is a branch of applied ethics that concerns itself with activities in the field of nursing. Nursing ethics shares many principles with medical ethics, such as beneficence, non-maleficence, and respect for autonomy. It can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, human dignity and collaborative care.
Joseph Francis Fletcher (April 10, 1905 – October 28, 1991) [1] was an American professor who founded the theory of situational ethics in the 1960s. A pioneer in the field of bioethics . Fletcher was a leading academic proponent of the potential benefits of abortion , infanticide , euthanasia , eugenics , and cloning .
Setting the default in order to exploit the default effect is a typical example of a soft paternalist policy. Countries that have an "opt-out" system for voluntary organ donation (anyone who did not explicitly refuse to donate their organs in the case of accident is considered a donor) experience dramatically higher levels of organ donation ...
Primary care ethics is not a discipline; it is a notional field of study which is simultaneously an aspect of primary health care and applied ethics. De Zulueta argues that primary care ethics has ‘a definitive place on the ‘ bioethics map’ , represented by a substantial body of empirical research, literary texts and critical discourse (2 ...
The ethics of care (alternatively care ethics or EoC) is a normative ethical theory that holds that moral action centers on interpersonal relationships and care or benevolence as a virtue. EoC is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by some feminists and environmentalists since the 1980s. [ 1 ]