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Full-body hemihypertrophy. Hemihypertrophy, now more commonly referred to as hemihyperplasia in the medical literature, is a condition in which one side of the body or a part of one side of the body is larger than the other to an extent considered greater than the normal variation.
Duplicated ureter or duplex collecting system is a congenital condition in which the ureteric bud, the embryological origin of the ureter, splits (or arises twice), resulting in two ureters draining a single kidney. It is the most common renal abnormality, occurring in approximately 1% of the population.
Tumour that has spread directly through the fatty tissue and the fascia ligament-like tissue that surrounds the kidney. Involvement of more than one lymph node near the kidney Involvement of any lymph node not near the kidney Distant metastases, such as in the lungs, bone, or brain.
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For instance, if one kidney is surgically removed, the cells of the other kidney divide at an increased rate. [1] Eventually, the remaining kidney can grow until its mass approaches the combined mass of two kidneys. [1] Along with the kidneys, compensatory growth has also been characterized in a number of other tissues and organs including:
Duplex kidney (Duplicated collecting system): A congenital condition where the kidney has two separate ureters (complete duplication) or a bifid ureter (partial duplication). In a coronal plane, both moieties may be visible, but in axial sections, one of the moieties may lack visible renal sinus structures, creating the faceless kidney sign.
The typical mammalian kidney consists of a renal capsule, a peripheral cortex, an internal medulla, one or more renal calyces, and a renal pelvis. [7] Although the calyces or renal pelvis may be absent in some species. [7] The medulla is made up of one or more renal pyramids, [8] forming papillae with their innermost parts. [9]
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