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Cystatin C is a non-glycosylated, basic protein (isoelectric point at pH 9.3). The crystal structure of cystatin C is characterized by a short alpha helix and a long alpha helix which lies across a large antiparallel, five-stranded beta sheet. Like other type 2 cystatins, it has two disulfide bonds.
One of these is cystatin C, a ubiquitous protein secreted by most cells in the body (it is an inhibitor of cysteine protease). [14] Cystatin C is freely filtered at the glomerulus. After filtration, Cystatin C is reabsorbed and catabolized by the tubular epithelial cells, with only small amounts excreted in the urine.
These are cystatin-like proteins found in a range of organisms: plant phytocystatins, fetuin in mammals, insect cystatins, and a puff adder venom cystatin, which inhibits metalloproteases of the MEROPS peptidase family M12 (astacin/adamalysin). Also, a number of the cystatin-like proteins have been shown to be devoid of inhibitory activity.
n/a Ensembl ENSG00000170369 n/a UniProt P09228 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001322 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001313 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 23.82 – 23.83 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Cystatin-SA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST2 gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active ...
C-peptide: fasting 0.5-2.0 × 10 −9: maximum 4 × 10 −9: C-reactive protein: Plasma protein 6.8-820 × 10 −8: Creatine: Assists muscle cell energy supply male 1.7-5.0 × 10 −6: female 3.5-9.3 × 10 −6: Creatinine: male 0.8-1.5 × 10 −5: female 0.7-1.2 × 10 −5: Cyanide: nonsmokers 4 × 10 −9: smokers 6 × 10 −9: nitroprusside ...
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) is a rare, fatal type of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy found almost exclusively in Iceland. A mutation in the protein cystatin C leads to amyloid (protein aggregate) dispositions in arteries in the brain, resulting in repeated brain hemorrhages .
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Cystatin-M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST6 gene. [5] [6] [7]The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity.