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As a document, the revised history is used to negate the validity of the factual, documentary record, and so reframe explanations and perceptions of the discussed historical event, to deceive the reader, the listener, and the viewer; therefore, historical negationism functions as a technique of propaganda. [18]
Naturalistic fallacy – inferring evaluative conclusions from purely factual premises [105] [106] in violation of fact-value distinction. Naturalistic fallacy (sometimes confused with appeal to nature) is the inverse of moralistic fallacy. Is–ought fallacy [107] – deduce a conclusion about what ought to be, on the basis of what is.
This rendered all facts about human action examinable under a normative framework defined by cardinal virtues and capital vices. "Fact" in this sense was not value-free, and the fact-value distinction was an alien concept. The decline of Aristotelianism in the 16th century set the framework in which those theories of knowledge could be revised. [6]
The opposite bias, of not attributing feelings or thoughts to another person, is dehumanised perception, [23] a type of objectification. Attentional bias, the tendency of perception to be affected by recurring thoughts. [24] Frequency illusion or Baader–Meinhof phenomenon.
Tshilidzi Marwala introduced rational counterfactual which is a counterfactual that, given the factual, maximizes the attainment of the desired consequent. For an example, suppose a factual statement: She forgot to set her alarm, and consequently, was late. Its counterfactual would be: If she had set the alarm, she would have been on time. The ...
Truth is usually held to be the opposite of false statement. The concept of truth is discussed and debated in various contexts, including philosophy , art , theology , law , and science . Most human activities depend upon the concept, where its nature as a concept is assumed rather than being a subject of discussion, including journalism and ...
Myside bias can cause an inability to effectively and logically evaluate the opposite side of an argument. Studies have stated that myside bias is an absence of "active open-mindedness", meaning the active search for why an initial idea may be wrong. [42]
Historical negationism, the denialism of widely accepted historical facts, is a major source of concern among historians and it is frequently used to falsify [85] [86] or distort accepted historical events. In attempting to revise the past, negationists are distinguished by the use of techniques inadmissible in proper historical discourse, such ...