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The Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier, often called the Rhenish mining area, is a lignite mining area or district in the Cologne Bay, on the northwestern edge of the Rhenish Slate Mountains. The mining of lignite using the open pit method has had a significant impact on the landscape here and led to the formation of several important industrial sites.
This was accompanied by the resettlement of local villages and towns and the largest forest area in the region, the Hambach Forest, was largely cleared. On 17 January 1984, the first brown coal was mined. Hambach is the largest open-pit mine in Germany, with an area of 3,389 hectares (as of 2007), with an approved maximum size of 8,500 hectares.
The forest has been called "the last remnant of a sylvan ecosystem that has occupied this part of the Rhine River plain between Aachen and Cologne since the end of the last ice age". [2] Only ten percent of Hambach Forest still remains, and the remaining forest is severely threatened by mining for brown coal. [2]
In the 19th and 20th centuries Bergheim grew rapidly through the settlement of industry based on the local lignite coal. In World War II, the Wesseling synthetic oil plant was bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. Then in April 1944, a large underground plant for synthetic oil manufactured from lignite was set up outside Bergheim. [3]
Lignite mining, western North Dakota, US (c. 1945). Lignite is brownish-black in color and has a carbon content of 60–70 percent on a dry ash-free basis. However, its inherent moisture content is sometimes as high as 75 percent [1] and its ash content ranges from 6–19 percent, compared with 6–12 percent for bituminous coal. [5]
Ende Gelände 2018 were a series of events of a mass movement for climate justice in the Rhenish lignite mining area in Germany. The non-violent direct action civil disobedience events were targeted against coal-based power generation through RWE Power AG and demanded the "immediate fossil fuel phase-out " based on climate justice and climate ...
Buettner, along with family medicine physician and pain management expert Robert Agnello, DO (who has also studied Blue Zones), share unique traits about each region and what we can learn from them.
The natural region of Siegerland (not to be confused with the historic Siegerland) lies entirely within North Rhine-Westphalia: → see also section: Mountains in the article on Siegerland (natural region) Alte Burg (633.0 m), county of Siegen-Wittgenstein, (NW) Lipper Nürr (616.9 m), county of Altenkirchen (RP), county of Siegen-Wittgenstein (NW)