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Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been defined as carbapenem-nonsusceptible and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Klebsiella oxytoca. Some exclude ertapenem resistance from the definition. [5]
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, headache, rash, and pain at the site of injection. [3] Serious side effects include Clostridioides difficile infection, seizures, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. [3] Those who are allergic to other β-lactam antibiotics are more likely to be allergic to meropenem as well. [3]
Faropenem is closely related, but it is a penem, not a carbapenem. [43] Antimicrobial resistance. NDM-1 is an enzyme that introduces bacterial resistance to carbapenem antibiotics via hydrolysis of the carbapenem backbone, thereby inactivating its ability to inhibit cell wall synthesis.
Common side effects are diarrhoea (in 5% of people receiving ertapenem), nausea (in 3%) and vomiting, reactions at the injection site (5%, including pain and inflammation of the vein), and headache. Uncommon but possibly serious side effects include candida infections , seizures , skin reactions such as rashes (including nappy rash in children ...
The concern is that carbapenem is often used as a drug of last resort when battling resistant bacterial strains. New slight mutations could result in infections for which healthcare professionals can do very little, if anything, to treat patients with resistant organisms. A number of mechanisms cause carbapenem resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae.
In particular, they may be required to treat multiresistant organisms, [1] [2] such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. [3] Some combinations are more likely to result in successful treatment of an infection.
NDM-1 [1] is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics.These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Enterobacter huaxiensis and Enterobacter chuandaensis are two recently discovered species that exhibit especially antibiotic resistant characteristics. [9] Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin from the β-Lactam antibiotic class. [more detail needed] Imipenem (a carbapenem) is often the antibiotic of choice.