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Arterial stiffness is commonly measured as carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) or brachial–ankle PWV (baPWV). [ 9 ] cfPWV is the standard for measuring large artery stiffness in Europe. [ 9 ]
Compliance diminishes with age and menopause. Arterial compliance is measured by ultrasound as a pressure (carotid artery) and volume (outflow into aorta) relationship. [5] Compliance, in simple terms, is the degree to which a container experiences pressure or force without disruption. It is used as an indication of arterial stiffness.
The theory of the velocity of the transmission of the pulse through the circulation dates back to 1808 with the work of Thomas Young. [9] The relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial wall stiffness can be derived from Newton's second law of motion (=) applied to a small fluid element, where the force on the element equals the product of density (the mass per unit volume ...
Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease. It’s strongly linked to: Obesity. ... This stiffness makes it difficult for your heart to fill with blood.
In hypertensive patients, a high pulse pressure can often be an indicator of conduit artery stiffness (stiffness of the major arteries). [13] When the arterial walls are stiffer (less compliant), the heart has to beat harder to overcome the resistance from the stiff arteries, resulting in an increased pulse pressure. [14]
Small artery compliance or stiffness can be assessed simply and at rest and can be distinguished from large artery stiffness by use of pulsewave analysis. [ 24 ] Endothelial dysfunction and stents
Peripheral artery disease most commonly affects the legs, but other arteries may also be involved, such as those of the arms, neck, or kidneys. [4] [17] Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a form of peripheral vascular disease. Vascular refers to both the arteries and veins within the body. PAD differs from peripheral veinous disease. PAD means ...
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