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A centering diphthong is one that begins with a more peripheral vowel and ends with a more central one, such as [ɪə̯], [ɛə̯], and [ʊə̯] in Received Pronunciation or [iə̯] and [uə̯] in Irish. Many centering diphthongs are also opening diphthongs ([iə̯], [uə̯]). Diphthongs may contrast in how far they open or close.
In Welsh, the digraph ll fused for a time into a ligature.. A digraph (from Ancient Greek δίς (dís) ' double ' and γράφω (gráphō) ' to write ') or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.
The difference between [f θ s] and [v ð z] was generally not marked in Old English spelling. The sounds [f v] were both written as f , the sounds [s z] were both written as s , and the sounds [θ ð] were both written as either ð or þ (the two letters were not used in Old English to distinguish between the voiceless and voiced versions of ...
The vowels of FLEECE and GOOSE are commonly pronounced as narrow diphthongs, approaching [ɪi] and [ʊu], in RP. Near-RP speakers may have particularly marked diphthongization of the type [əi] and [əu ~ əʉ], respectively. In General American, the pronunciation varies between a monophthong and a diphthong. [43]
ae is used in Irish for /eː/ between two "broad" consonants, e.g. Gael /ɡeːlˠ/ "a Gael". In Latin, ae originally represented the diphthong /ae/, before it was monophthongized in the Vulgar Latin period to /ɛ/; in medieval manuscripts, the digraph was frequently replaced by the ligature æ .
Digraphs such as ae , au and oe , which represented the diphthongs /ae̯/, /au̯/ and /oe̯/. In a few words, these could also stand for sequences of two adjacent vowels, which is sometimes marked by the use of a diaeresis in modern transcriptions, as in aë , aü and oë .
There is no distinction between heavy and tense-r o , and u in the /ʊ/, /uː/, /ʊə/ pattern does not have a heavy vowel. Besides silent e , another strategy for indicating tense and tense-r vowels is the addition of another orthographic vowel forming a digraph. In this case, the first vowel is usually the main vowel while the second vowel is ...
The differences occurred mostly in the front vowels, and particularly the diphthongs. (However, Northumbrian was distinguished from the rest by much less palatalisation . Forms in Modern English with hard /k/ and /ɡ/ where a palatalised sound would be expected from Old English are due either to Northumbrian influence or to direct borrowing ...