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Common factors theory, a theory guiding some research in clinical psychology and counseling psychology, proposes that different approaches and evidence-based practices in psychotherapy and counseling share common factors that account for much of the effectiveness of a psychological treatment. [1]
For example, autistic social psychologists Damian Milton and Devon Price have suggested the behavior should not be considered pathological. They view PDA as an example of individual autonomy or self-advocacy. [36] Alternative names like Rational Demand Avoidance (RDA) [37] or Pervasive Drive for Autonomy [38] [39] have been proposed and used.
Some examples include: Putting off an important task because of the discomfort it evokes. Not taking advantage of an important opportunity due to attempts to avoid worries of failure or disappointment. Not engaging in physical activity/exercise, meaningful hobbies, or other recreational activities due to the effort they demand.
Although the term resistance as it is known today in psychotherapy is largely associated with Sigmund Freud, the idea that some patients "cling to their disease" [3] was a popular one in medicine in the nineteenth century, and referred to patients whose maladies were presumed to persist due to the secondary gains of social, physical, and financial benefits associated with illness. [4]
In Lacanianism, demand (French: demande) is the way in which instinctive needs are alienated through language and signification. [1] The concept of demand was developed by Lacan—outside of Freudian theory—in conjunction with need and desire in order to account for the role of speech in human aspirations, [2] and forms part of the Lacanian opposition to the approach to language acquisition ...
Air, for example, is a physiological need; a human being requires air more urgently than higher-level needs, such as a sense of social belonging. Physiological needs are critical to "meet the very basic essentials of life". [13] This allows for cravings such as hunger and thirst to be satisfied and not disrupt the regulation of the body.
[citation needed] Psychological interventions have many different applications and the most common use is for the treatment of mental disorders, most commonly using psychotherapy. The ultimate goal behind these interventions is not only to alleviate symptoms but also to target the root cause of mental disorders.
Psychotherapy is a relatively new method used in treatment of mental disorders. The practice of individual psychotherapy as a treatment of mental disorders is about 100 years old. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was the first one to introduce this concept in psychoanalysis. [6]