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Because of the ability to reduce disulfide bonds, DTT can be used to denature CD38 on red blood cells. DTT will also denature antigens in the Kell, Lutheran, Dombrock, Cromer, Cartwright, LW and Knops blood group systems. Conversely, the solvent exposure of different disulfide bonds can be assayed by their rate of reduction in the presence of DTT.
That immediately gets the drug's concentration in the body up to the therapeutically-useful level. First day: 1000 mg; the body clears 100 mg, leaving 900 mg. On the second day, the patient takes 100 mg, bringing the level back to 1000 mg; the body clears 100 mg overnight, still leaving 900 mg, and so forth.
Docetaxel has been found to accumulate to higher concentration in ovarian adenocarcinoma cells than kidney carcinoma cells, which may contribute to the more effective treatment of ovarian cancer by docetaxel. [12] [38] It has also been found to lead to the phosphorylation of oncoprotein bcl-2, which is apoptosis-blocking in its oncoprotein form ...
Washed red blood cells are red blood cells that have had most of the plasma, platelets and white blood cells removed and replaced with saline or another type of preservation solution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most common reason for using washed red blood cells in transfusion medicine is to prevent the recurrence of severe allergic transfusion reactions ...
In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is the dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The term "effective dose" is used when measurements are taken in vivo , while "effective concentration" is used when the measurements are taken in vitro .
In medicine, proton therapy, or proton radiotherapy, is a type of particle therapy that uses a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue, most often to treat cancer.The chief advantage of proton therapy over other types of external beam radiotherapy is that the dose of protons is deposited over a narrow range of depth; hence in minimal entry, exit, or scattered radiation dose to healthy ...
In cancer cells, major changes in gene expression increase glucose uptake to support their rapid growth. Unlike normal cells, which produce lactate only when oxygen is low, cancer cells convert much of the glucose to lactate even in the presence of adequate oxygen. This is known as the “Warburg Effect.”
Using a mouse model of bladder cancer, researchers have found that a local injection of a low dose anti-CTLA-4 in the tumour area had the same tumour inhibiting capacity as when the antibody was delivered in the blood. [15] At the same time the levels of circulating antibodies were lower, suggesting that local administration of the anti-CTLA-4 ...