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The Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames. It appeared in 1999, in the context of the boom of DSL as the solution for tunneling packets over the DSL connection to the ISP's IP network, and from there to the rest of the Internet.
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) is a password-based authentication protocol used by Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to validate users. [1] PAP is specified in RFC 1334. Almost all network operating systems support PPP with PAP, as do most network access servers. PAP is also used in PPPoE, for authenticating DSL users.
For example, IP uses IPCP, and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) uses the Novell IPX Control Protocol . NCPs include fields containing standardized codes to indicate the network layer protocol type that the PPP connection encapsulates. The following NCPs may be used with PPP: IPCP for IP, protocol code number 0x8021, RFC 1332
PPP configuration generally includes: user credentials, user name and password, and is unique to each user. ATM configuration includes: Virtual channel link (VCL) – virtual path identifier and virtual channel identifier (VPI/VCI), such as 0/32 (analogous to a phone number)
Internet Protocol over Ethernet (IPoE) is a method of delivering an IP payload over an Ethernet-based access network or an access network using bridged Ethernet over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) without using PPPoE. It directly encapsulates the IP datagrams in Ethernet frames, using the standard RFC 894 encapsulation.
Tools exist to trivially extract the NT Password hashes from a captured MSCHAP-v1 exchange. [6] When using MS-CHAP-v1, MPPE uses the same RC4 session key for encryption in both directions of the communication flow. This can be cryptanalysed with standard methods by XORing the streams from each direction together. [7]
Requests the direct IP address of the user with the specified nickname. This command is often used to obtain the IP of an abusive user to more effectively perform a ban. It is unclear what, if any, privileges are required to execute this command on a server. This command is not formally defined by an RFC, but is in use by some IRC daemons.
Thus the term static here refers to the nature of remaining unchanged by the system itself. The most prominent example of a static route is a default route which is often used on devices with a statically configured IP address to provide the device with access to the rest of the network or the internet by default. [3]