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Calanus finmarchicus is considered to be a large copepod, being typically 2–4 millimetres (0.08–0.16 in) long. [citation needed] Copepods like C. finmarchicus represent a major part of dry weight (biomass) mesozooplankton in pelagic ecosystems. [4] Calanus finmarchicus is high in protein and polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. [5]
Copepods vary considerably, but are typically 1 to 2 mm (1 ⁄ 32 to 3 ⁄ 32 in) long, with a teardrop-shaped body and large antennae. Like other crustaceans, they have an armoured exoskeleton , but they are so small that in most species, this thin armour and the entire body is almost totally transparent.
The length of its prosome can vary anywhere from 2.5 to 5.6 millimetres (0.098 to 0.220 in). [2] The antennae are longer or of equal length to the body. This copepod is very clear, and is generally colourless. The gut walls and posterior may be orange to dark red in colour, with a prominent lipid sac that is usually red-orange.
Calanus helgolandicus is a planktonic herbivore, [8] although it has been shown to eat both dead diatoms and faeces from other members of its species. This copepod seems to select particles based on their structure; marine snow (which is unstructured), is rejected, whereas dead diatoms and objects such as polystyrene (when given as beads 30 micrometers in diameter) are accepted as food. [9]
For neurobiology, one study looked at the central nervous system of this copepod to get an idea of the organization of the central nervous system of the ancestors to the crustaceans and insects to complement the neurobiological work that has been done in a group of distantly related copepods (the calanoid copepods).
Depending on the conditions, it has a one to three year lifecycle. There are six nauplii and copepodite stages. [2] Eggs are laid during the spring, with clutches typically being 40 to 80 eggs. [1] During the summer, when temperatures are below 0 °C (32 °F), it takes about 46 days to go from an egg to a stage I copepodite. [3]
Calanidae is the large family of copepods. It includes the genus Calanus , which may be the most abundant animal genus on Earth . Copepods of the genera Calanus and Neocalanus are ecologically important in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the world's oceans .