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A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands [1] is an area of land adjacent to a river. Floodplains stretch from the banks of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley, and experience flooding during periods of high discharge. [2] The soils usually consist of clays, silts, sands, and gravels deposited during floods. [3]
In geology, a backswamp is a type of depositional environment commonly found in a floodplain. It is where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a flood . These deposits create a marsh-like landscape that is often poorly drained and usually lower than the rest of the floodplain.
East Gulf coastal plain large river floodplain forest; H. ... Special Flood Hazard Area; W. ... This page was last edited on 10 April 2019, ...
The flood plain is bounded on the east by a nearly continuous, 200- to 300-foot high, 80-mile (130 km) long bluff of limestone and dolomite, above which begins the great prairie that covers most of the state. The Mississippi River bounds the Bottom on its west, and the river abuts the bluffline on the Missouri side.
Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over the world. They consist of a relatively level strip of land, called a "tread", separated from either an adjacent floodplain, other fluvial terraces, or uplands by distinctly steeper strips of land called "risers".
When rivers flood, sediment deposits in sheets across the floodplain and build up over time. Later, during a time of river erosion, this sediment is cut into, or incised , by the river and flushed downstream.
Diluvium was initially argued to have been deposited by the action of extraordinary floods of vast extent, specifically the Noachian Flood. [1] [2] In 1822 and 1823, William Buckland published the term diluvium in his monograph Reliquiae Diluvianae [3] and in G. A. Mantel’s monograph about the geology and paleontology of the county of Sussex. [4]
An overbank is an alluvial geological deposit consisting of sediment that has been deposited on the floodplain of a river or stream by flood waters that have broken through or overtopped the banks. The sediment is carried in suspension , and because it is carried outside of the main channel , away from faster flow, the sediment is typically ...