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The use of improved, third-party GUI engines became common amongst users who preferred more attractive interfaces – such as Magic User Interface (MUI), and ReAction. These object-oriented graphic engines driven by user interface classes and methods were then standardized into the Amiga environment and changed Amiga Workbench to a complete and ...
Sketchpad was the earliest program ever to use a complete graphical user interface. [ 2 ] The clever way the program organizes its geometric data pioneered the use of master ( objects ) and occurrences ( instances ) in computing and pointed forward to object-oriented programming .
The minicomputer Xerox Alto (1973) was a landmark step in the development of personal computers, because of its graphical user interface, bit-mapped high-resolution screen, large internal and external memory storage, mouse, and special software. [37]
1960 US A working MOSFET is built by a team at Bell Labs. E. E. LaBate and E. I. Povilonis made the device; M. O. Thurston, L. A. D’Asaro, and J. R. Ligenza developed the diffusion processes, and H. K. Gummel and R. Lindner characterized the device. [12] [13] 1960: US EUR ALGOL, first structured, procedural, programming language to be ...
With its mouse-driven GUI, the Alto would go on to influence Steve Jobs and Apple's Macintosh computer and operating system in the 1980s. [23] Eventually, Microsoft's Windows operating system would follow the Macintosh and use a multi-button mouse in the same way that the Alto and the NLS system did. [1]
In effect, this feature of Sketchpad was a prototype for a graphical user interface, an indispensable feature of modern CAD. In 1963, under doctoral adviser Claude Shannon, Sutherland presented his PhD thesis paper, Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System, at a Joint Computer Conference. In his paper, he said: [17]
History of computing hardware – up to third generation (1960s) History of computing hardware (1960s–present) – third generation and later; History of the graphical user interface; History of the Internet; History of the World Wide Web; List of pioneers in computer science; Timeline of electrical and electronic engineering; Microprocessor ...
The Alto is the first computer with a graphical operating system, and was built on earlier graphical interface designs. It was conceived in 1972 in a memo written by Butler Lampson, inspired by the oN-Line System (NLS) developed by Douglas Engelbart and Dustin Lindberg at SRI International (SRI).