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During the Russian Civil War, Don and Kuban Cossacks were the first people to declare open war against the Bolsheviks. In 1918, Russian Cossacks declared their complete independence, creating two independent states, the Don Republic and the Kuban People's Republic, and the revived Hetmanate emerged in Ukraine.
The fighting qualities of the sea-going Cossacks were even admired in the Ottoman chronicles: "One can safely say that in the entire world one cannot find a people more careless for their lives or having less fear of death; persons versed in navigation assert that because of their skill and boldness in naval battles these bands are more ...
The conflict resulted from both states' attempts to exert control over the independent-minded Cossacks. While the early uprisings were against the Commonwealth, as the Russian Empire gained increasing and then total control over the Ruthenian lands where most of Cossacks lived, the target of Cossack uprisings changed as well. [1] [3] [4]
In addition, the Cossacks feared in case of resistance to bloody revenge on Cossack families, the Sich still had old Cossacks who remembered the events of 1709, when Peter I conducted a brutal punitive expedition against Ukraine, including the infamous Baturyn massacre that became the culmination of those horrible events. Zaporozhian Cossacks ...
The Cossack raids on Istanbul (Ukrainian: Козацькі рейди на Стамбул, Turkish: İstanbul'a Kazak baskınları; 9 July – 8 September, 1624) was a raids on the capital of the Ottoman Empire Istanbul by the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of Mykhailo Doroshenko and Hryhoriy Chornyi as a part of the Cossack Naval Campaigns.
Most Cossacks were sent to the gulags in far northern Russia and Siberia, and many died; some, however, escaped, and others lived until the amnesty of 1953 (see below). In total, some two million people were repatriated to the Soviets at the end of the Second World War. [19]
When the Cossacks' entreaties were rejected, they chose to respond with force. Under the leadership of Vasilii Poyarkov in 1645 and Yerofei Khabarov in 1650 many people, including members of the Daur tribe, were killed by the Cossacks. 8,000 out of a previous population of 20,000 in Kamchatka remained after the first half century of the Russian ...
All the other Cossacks, as unsuitable for regular service, were released home and have since become simple, peaceful plowmen.» As it turned out, the newly made hussars were much more fortunate than those of the Cossacks, who became "mere peaceful plowmen" – the latter, in the vast majority, were soon simply enslaved. [6]