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As the velocity of the runner increases, inertia and air resistance effects become the limiting factors on the sprinter's top speed. It was previously believed that there was an intramuscular viscous force that increased proportionally to the velocity of muscle contraction that opposed the contractile force; this theory has since been disproved ...
In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by q or Q and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: [1] = where (in SI units): q is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., N/m 2, ρ (Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m 3), and; u is the flow speed in m/s.
Sprint races were part of the original Olympic Games in the 7th century B.C. as well as the first modern Olympic Games which started in the late 19th century (Athens 1896) [5] and featured the 100 meters and 400 meters. Athletes started both races from a crouched start (4-point stance).
The record is 44.72 km/h (27.78 mph), measured between meter 60 and meter 80 of the 100 meters sprint at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics by speed. [4] [5] (Bolt's average speed over the course of this race was 37.578 km/h or 23.35 mph.) [6] Compared to quadrupedal animals, humans are exceptionally capable of endurance, but incapable of great speed. [7]
A marathoner's running economy is their sub maximal requirement for oxygen at specific speeds. This concept of running economy helps explain different marathon times for runners with similar aerobic capacities. [11] The steady state oxygen consumption used to define running economy demonstrates the energy cost of running at sub maximal speeds.
The greater the intensity that is put into the run will carry out into the finish of this run. Many runners attack the 400 meter dash at the full 100%, but by starting with a medium to high running pace such as 75%, it then works up to all out, to about 100%. [9] Using threshold running in an event such as the 400 meters it can be very beneficial.
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
In terms of judging a person's speed, the best method of timing is through lasers which start and stop the times when passed through. A laser start (from a stationary position) is more accurate for measuring pure speed as it does not register a runner's reaction time, however, this method of timing a 40-yard dash can affect the accuracy by as much as 0.5 seconds with the manual stopwatch method.