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The superior olivary complex (SOC) or superior olive is a collection of brainstem nuclei that is located in pons, functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system.
The olivocochlear system is a component of the auditory system involved with the descending control of the cochlea.Its nerve fibres, the olivocochlear bundle (OCB), form part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIIIth cranial nerve, also known as the auditory-vestibular nerve), and project from the superior olivary complex in the brainstem to the cochlea.
The olive consists of two parts: The inferior olivary nucleus (or 'complex'), which is a part of the olivo-cerebellar system and is mainly involved in cerebellar motor-learning and function. The superior olivary nucleus, considered part of the pons and part of the auditory system, aiding the perception of sound.
1.2.1 Pons. 1.2.2 Fourth ... Medial superior olive; Lateral superior olive; Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body; ... Cross-section of the midbrain. Tectum. Corpora ...
Fibers leaving these brainstem nuclei ascending to the inferior colliculus rejoin the lateral lemniscus. In that sense, this is not a 'lemniscus' in the true sense of the word (second order, decussated sensory axons), as there is third (and out of the lateral superior olive, fourth) order information coming out of some of these brainstem nuclei.
Diagram of the midbrain, sectioned at the level of the superior colliculus (Central tegmental tract not labeled, but region is visible.) Axial section of the Brainstem (Pons) at the level of the Facial Colliculus (Central tegmental tract not labeled, but region is visible.)
Medial inferior pontine syndrome is a condition associated with a contralateral hemiplegia. [ citation needed ] "Medial inferior pontine syndrome" has been described as equivalent to Foville's syndrome .
It is located anterior and lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. [citation needed] It is continuous caudally with the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi. [4] The PPRF (and adjacent regions of the pons) are traversed by fibers projecting to the abducens nucleus that mediate smooth pursuit, vestibular reflexes, and gaze holding. [5]: 498