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An ester of a carboxylic acid.R stands for any group (typically hydrogen or organyl) and R ′ stands for any organyl group.. In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group (−OH) of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R ′). [1]
The Yamaguchi esterification is the chemical reaction of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride (TCBC, Yamaguchi reagent) to form a mixed anhydride which, upon reaction with an alcohol in the presence of stoichiometric amount of DMAP, produces the desired ester. It was first reported by Masaru Yamaguchi et al. in 1979 ...
A general acyl group (blue) in a ketone (top left), as an acylium cation (top centre), as an acyl radical (top right), an aldehyde (bottom left), ester (bottom centre) or amide (bottom right). ( R 1 , R 2 and R 3 stands for organyl substituent or hydrogen in the case of R 1 )
In a thionoester, sulfur replaces the carbonyl oxygen in an ester. Methyl thionobenzoate is C 6 H 5 C(S)OCH 3. Such compounds are typically prepared by the reaction of the thioacyl chloride with an alcohol. [16] They can also be made by the reaction of Lawesson's reagent with esters or by treating pinner salts with hydrogen sulfide.
An acid anhydride is a type of chemical compound derived by the removal of water molecules from an acid. In organic chemistry , organic acid anhydrides contain the functional group −C(=O)−O−C(=O)− .
Acetic anhydride. This reagent is common in the laboratory; its use cogenerates acetic acid. [7] [10] Acetyl chloride. This reagent is also common in the laboratory, but its use cogenerates hydrogen chloride, which can be undesirable. [8] Ketene. At one time acetic anhydride was prepared by the reaction of ketene with acetic acid: [11]
For example, in reacting ethanol with acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate forms and acetic acid is eliminated as a leaving group, which is considerably less reactive than an acid anhydride and will be left as a byproduct (in a wasteful 1:1 ratio with the ester product) if product is collected immediately. If conditions are acidic enough, the acetic ...
DIBP is synthesized by reaction of phthalic anhydride with isobutanol. Various acids are used as a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, sulfonated graphene, or iron(III) chloride. Water is a byproduct. Using sulfuric acid, the yield is 61% yield. [6] Sulfuric acid catalyzed reaction of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride to form diisobutyl phthalate