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A pet fence or radio fence, is an electronic system designed to keep a pet or other domestic animal within a set of predefined boundaries without the use of a physical barrier. A mild electric shock is delivered by an electronic collar if its warning sound is ignored. The system was first invented and patented by Richard Peck in 1973. [1]
Invisible Fence Inc. (commonly referred to as Invisible Fence Brand) is a company that designs radio pet fences for cats and dogs. Manufactured and distributed by Radio System Corporation, the company sells wireless and fenceless systems that were first introduced in 1973. [ 1 ]
In a virtual electric fence system, each animal has a collar with a GPS unit which is set to produce first an audible warning and then a shock as the animal approaches a programmable boundary. Pet fences to control domestic dogs have been used since 1973, and the first system for livestock control was developed by Peck's Invisible Fence Co, now ...
Nofence is a Norwegian company that makes GPS collars for farm animals (cattle, sheep, and goats) that discourage them from crossing virtual fences. [1] [2] Oscar Hovde Berntsen has been working on the idea of virtual fencing, as an alternative to fixed electric fencing, since the 1990s. [3] Nofence was incorporated in 2011. [3]
Collars can be decorated in a variety of ways with a variety of materials. The basic collars for everyday wear are: Buckle collars, also called flat collars, [6] with a buckle similar to a belt buckle, or a quick-release buckle, either of which holds the collar loosely around the dog's neck. Identification is commonly attached to such a collar ...
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Tigress with radio collar in Tadoba Andhari National Park, India. GPS animal tracking is a process whereby biologists, scientific researchers, or conservation agencies can remotely observe relatively fine-scale movement or migratory patterns in a free-ranging wild animal using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and optional environmental sensors or automated data-retrieval technologies such ...
Starting: Commands given by the referee are "on guard", "ready", "play" (or "fence"). Exchanges: Involve engaging in fencing phrases. The referee calls "halt" to pause and explain significant actions and update the score. Reasons for Halt: Include stepping off the piste, bodily contact, invalid actions, or safety issues.