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In an optical fiber, the normalized frequency, V (also called the V number), is given by = =, where a is the core radius, λ is the wavelength in vacuum, n 1 is the maximum refractive index of the core, n 2 is the refractive index of the homogeneous cladding, and applying the usual definition of the numerical aperture NA.
IP65 touchscreen display IP65 LED lamp. The IP code or ingress protection code indicates how well a device is protected against water and dust. It is defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) under the international standard IEC 60529 [1] which classifies and provides a guideline to the degree of protection provided by mechanical casings and electrical enclosures against ...
Thus, it's especially important to cite the source for an index measurement if precision is required. In general, an index of refraction is a complex number with both a real and imaginary part, where the latter indicates the strength of absorption loss at a particular wavelength—thus, the imaginary part is sometimes called the extinction ...
The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It is this defined number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs—in general, entities) per mole and used as a normalization factor in relating the amount of substance, n(X), in a sample of a ...
Mikoyan-Gurevich 23-31 / Izdeliye 92 The Mikoyan-Gurevich 23-01 , aka Izdeliye 92 and (erroneously) Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23PD , NATO reporting name Faithless , was a 1960s STOL fighter / attack aircraft, designed in the USSR , to fulfil a requirement for ground-attack and fighter aircraft able to operate from short runways.
The a-index is the three hourly equivalent amplitude for geomagnetic activity at a specific magnetometer station derived from the station-specific K-index. Because of the quasi-logarithmic relationship of the K -scale to magnetometer fluctuations, it is not meaningful to take the average of a set of K -indices directly.
It is the fifth factorial prime, [9] and since 14! + 1 is a multiple of 23, but 23 is not one more than a multiple of 14, 23 is the first Pillai prime. [10] In the list of fortunate numbers, 23 occurs twice, since adding 23 to either the fifth or eighth primorial gives a prime number (namely 2333 and 9699713). [11]
The index continued to drop throughout 2011, bottoming out at 8,160.01 on 25 November, putting it at its lowest close since 31 March 2009. The Nikkei fell over 17% in 2011, finishing the year at 8,455.35, its lowest year-end closing value in nearly thirty years, when the index finished at 8,016.70 in 1982.