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Fireguard on the roof of a building London 1941. A stirrup pump is a portable reciprocating water pump used to extinguish or control small fires. [1] It is operated by hand. The operator places a foot on a stirrup-like bracket at the bottom of the pump to hold the pump steady, the bottom of the suction cylinder is placed inside a bucket of wat
A standard APW extinguisher in the United States contains 9.5 litres (2.5 US gal) of water in a stainless steel tank. The water is discharged by means of a 13 mm (1 ⁄ 2 in) hose, with a smooth-bore nozzle attached to the tip. They will initially produce a 12–15 m (40–50 ft) stream of water, with a discharge time of about 50 seconds.
Air pressurized water (APW) fire extinguishers are commonly converted into makeshift CAFS extinguishers by drilling two 1/8-1/16 inch holes in the pickup tube above the water line. The unit is then filled with 1.5 US gallons (5.7 L) of water and class A foam, AFFF , FFFP or commercial detergent is added to the water in a 1% ratio for class A ...
Pump-Type water extinguisher typically consist of a 2-1/2 or 5-gallon non-pressurized metal or plastic container with a pump mounted to it, as well as a discharge hose and nozzle. Pump type water extinguishers are often used where freezing conditions may occur, as they can be economically freeze-protected with calcium chloride (except stainless ...
An air-pressurized-water fire extinguisher is similar but its water is expelled by the air pressure, it is held by one person, and a flexible hose makes aiming the water stream easy. Handtub A historical fire engine pumped by hand with the water supply held in a tub or cistern on the wagon, the water supply delivered by a bucket brigade .
Early fire retardants were mixtures of water and thickening agents, and later included borates [12] and ammonium phosphates. [citation needed] Generally, fire retardants are dropped from aircraft or applied by ground crews around a wildfire's edges in an effort to contain its spread. This allows ground crews time to work to extinguish the fire.
A jockey pump, also known as a pressure-maintenance pump, is a small pump connected to a fire suppression system near the fire pump and is intended to maintain pressure in a fire protection piping system. These pumps recover pressures lost from gradual, slow pressure declines in a system due to temperature changes, trapped air escapement, or ...
Water reducers are special chemical products added to a concrete mixture before it is poured. They are from the same family of products as retarders . The first class of water reducers was the lignosulfonates which has been used since the 1930s.