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The Kraus–Weber test (or K–W test [1]) is a fitness test devised in the 1940s by Hans Kraus and Sonja Weber of New York Presbyterian Hospital. The poor tests results of American children versus children from European countries gained attention in the 1950s from American media, prompting the United States government to establish the Presidential Fitness Test within the following decades.
The Weber test is administered by holding a vibrating tuning fork on top of the patient's head. The Weber test is a screening test for hearing performed with a tuning fork. [1] [2] It can detect unilateral (one-sided) conductive hearing loss (middle ear hearing loss) and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (inner ear hearing loss). [3]
The Weber test also uses a tuning fork to differentiate between conductive versus sensorineural hearing loss. In this test, the tuning fork is placed at the top of the skull, and the sound of the tuning fork reaches both inner ears by travelling through bone. In a healthy patient, the sound would appear equally loud in both ears.
Weber test, in which a tuning fork is touched to the midline of the forehead, localizes to the normal ear in people with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Rinne test, which tests air conduction vs. bone conduction is positive, because both bone and air conduction are reduced equally. less common Bing and Schwabach variants of the Rinne test.
Thus, a "positive" result indicates the healthy state, in contrast to many other medical tests. Therefore, some prefer to avoid using the terms "positive" or "negative", and simply state if the test was normal or abnormal. For example: "Rinne's test was abnormal in the right ear, with bone conduction greater than air conduction".
The term normal score is used with two different meanings in statistics. One of them relates to creating a single value which can be treated as if it had arisen from a standard normal distribution (zero mean, unit variance). The second one relates to assigning alternative values to data points within a dataset, with the broad intention of ...
The results of pure-tone audiometry are however a very good indicator of hearing impairment. Hearing disability is defined by the WHO as a reduction in the ability to hear sounds in both quiet and noisy environments (compared to people with normal hearing), which is caused by a hearing impairment. [17]
True positive rate (TPR), Recall, Sensitivity (SEN), probability of detection, Power = Σ True positive / Σ Condition positive : False positive rate (FPR), Fall-out, probability of false alarm = Σ False positive / Σ Condition negative