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Calcium oxalate is a combination of calcium ions and the conjugate base of oxalic acid, the oxalate anion. Its aqueous solutions are slightly basic because of the basicity of the oxalate ion. The basicity of calcium oxalate is weaker than that of sodium oxalate, due to its lower solubility in water.
Raphides in Epipremnum Devil's ivy (600× magnification). Raphides (/ ˈ r æ f ɪ d i z / RAF-id-eez; singular raphide / ˈ r eɪ f aɪ d / RAY-fyde or raphis) are needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (prismatic monoclinic crystals) or calcium carbonate as aragonite (dipyramidal orthorhombic crystals), found in more than 200 families of plants.
Calcium oxalate stones. Calcium oxalate stones form in an acidic to neutral urine. Two types naturally occur, calcium oxalate monohydrate, or whewellite (CaC 2 O 4 ·H 2 O), and calcium oxalate dihydrate, or weddellite (CaC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O). Their appearance can be rough, smooth, spiculated (needle-like), or jackstone.
Hyperoxaluria is an excessive urinary excretion of oxalate. Individuals with hyperoxaluria often have calcium oxalate kidney stones. It is sometimes called Bird's disease, after Golding Bird, who first described the condition.
Main mechanisms by which the formed crystals and aggregates cause pathological states and ultimately disease are acute necroinflammation, chronic tissue remodelling, and mechanical obstruction. [ 1 ] Necroinflammation is an autoamplifying process where crystals are toxic to cells ( cytotoxicity ) and cause cell death ( necrosis and regulated ...
This allows for minerals, such as calcium or magnesium salts, to crystallize and form stones. Bladder stones vary in number, size and consistency. Bladder stones vary in number, size and consistency. In some cases bladder stones do not cause any symptoms and are discovered as an incidental finding on a plain radiograph .
Calcium oxalate: 60% when urine is acidic (decreased pH) [71] Black/dark brown : Radio-opaque Some of the oxalate in urine is produced by the body. Calcium and oxalate in the diet play a part but are not the only factors that affect the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Dietary oxalate is found in many vegetables, fruits, and nuts.
Oxalic acid binds with calcium to form calcium oxalate crystals which may deposit and cause damage to many areas of the body including the brain, heart, kidneys, and lungs. [7] The most significant effect is accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys which causes kidney damage leading to oliguric or anuric acute kidney failure. [7]