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Renal ultrasound (US) is a common examination, which has been performed for decades. Using B-mode imaging, assessment of renal anatomy is easily performed, and US is often used as image guidance for renal interventions. Furthermore, novel applications in renal US have been introduced with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), elastography and ...
An ectopic kidney is a kidney that is not located in its usual position . This condition results from the kidney failing to ascend from its origin in the true pelvis or from a superiorly ascended kidney located in the thorax. [1] It has an incidence of approximately 1/900. [2]
The renal hilum or renal pedicle is the recessed central fissure of the kidney where its vessels, nerves and ureter pass. The medial border of the kidney is concave in the center and convex toward either extremity; it is directed forward and a little downward.
The kidneys in mammals are usually bean-shaped [4] or externally lobulated. [5] They are located behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneally) [6] on the back wall of the body. [7] The typical mammalian kidney consists of a renal capsule, a peripheral cortex, an internal medulla, one or more renal calyces, and a renal pelvis. [7]
Upon presentation of decreased renal function, it is recommended to perform a history and physical examination, as well as performing a renal ultrasound and a urinalysis. [ citation needed ] The most relevant items in the history are medications , edema , nocturia , gross hematuria , family history of kidney disease, diabetes and polyuria .
Ultrasound involves a probe that is placed near a structure and uses the transmission of ultrasound waves through a structure to produce images, after computer processing. [1] Ultrasound of the urinary tract is performed by a probe placed on the abdominal wall, called a transducer. [1] This occurs while a person is lying down. [1]
Renal hypoplasia; Other names: Hypoplastic kidneys: An ultrasound scan of a hypoplastic right kidney in an adult male. Specialty: Nephrology: Complications: Anuria, chronic kidney disease, glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertension, proteinuria, sepsis, urinary tract infection, urinary tract obstruction, urolithiasis [1] [2] Types
Crossed dystopia (also unilateral fusion cross fused renal ectopia) is a rare form of renal ectopia (kidney displacement) where both kidneys are on the same side of the spine. [1] In many cases, the two kidneys are fused together, yet retain their own vessels and ureters . [ 2 ]