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Automatic bug fixing is made according to a specification of the expected behavior which can be for instance a formal specification or a test suite. [5]A test-suite – the input/output pairs specify the functionality of the program, possibly captured in assertions can be used as a test oracle to drive the search.
Memory leaks may not be serious or even detectable by normal means. In modern operating systems, normal memory used by an application is released when the application terminates. This means that a memory leak in a program that only runs for a short time may not be noticed and is rarely serious. Much more serious leaks include those:
Resource leaks may happen under regular program flow – such as simply forgetting to release a resource – or only in exceptional circumstances, such as when a resource is not released if there is an exception in another part of the program. Resource leaks are very frequently caused by early exit from a subroutine, either by a return ...
A hotfix or Quick Fix Engineering update (QFE update) is a single, cumulative package that includes information (often in the form of one or more files) that is used to address a problem in a software product (i.e., a software bug). Typically, hotfixes are made to address a specific customer situation.
Many resource leaks are fixed by resource reclamation by the operating system after the process terminates and makes an exit system call. Resource leaks are thus primarily a problem for long-lived processes, as leaked resources held by still-running processes are often not reclaimed; and for processes that rapidly acquire and leak many resources.
Teitelman's DWIM package "correct[ed] errors automatically or with minor user intervention", [2] similarly to autocorrection for natural language. Teitelman and his Xerox PARC colleague Larry Masinter later described the philosophy of DWIM in the Interlisp programming environment (the successor of BBN Lisp):
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Cleanup: Restore the UUT or the overall test system to the pre-test state. This restoration permits another test to execute immediately after this one. In some cases, in order to preserve the information for possible test failure analysis, the cleanup should be starting the test just before the test's setup run. [11]