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European colonial powers sought natural resources in African colonies and needed the requisite labor force to extract them and simultaneously build the colonial city around these industries. Because Europeans viewed native bodies as degenerate and in need of taming, violence was necessary to create a submissive laborer. [ 28 ]
The following is a list of European colonies in Africa, organized alphabetically by the colonizing country. France had the most colonies in Africa with 35 colonies followed by Britain with 32. [ 1 ]
European explorers made use of African guides and servants, and established long-distance trading routes. [24] [25] Missionaries attempting to spread Christianity also increased European knowledge of Africa. [25] Between 1884 and 1885, European nations met at the Berlin West Africa Conference to discuss the partitioning of Africa. It was agreed ...
Colonial power Morocco: 1912 France [1] Libya: 1911 Italy [2] Fulani Empire: 1903 France and the United Kingdom: Swaziland: 1902 United Kingdom [3] Ashanti Confederacy: 1900 United Kingdom: Burundi: 1893 Germany [4] Nri Kingdom: 1911 United Kingdom: Kingdom of Benin: 1897 United Kingdom: Bunyoro: 1899 United Kingdom: Dahomey: 1894 France ...
The later years of the 19th century saw a transition from "informal imperialism" – military influence and economic dominance – to direct rule. [8] With the decline of the European colonial empires in the wake of the two world wars, most African colonies gained independence during the Cold War, and decided to keep their colonial borders in ...
European colonial women being carried in hammocks by natives in Ouidah, Benin (known as French Dahomey during this period). In systems of direct rule, European colonial officials oversaw all aspects of governance, while natives were placed in an entirely subordinate role.
European territories in Africa, 1914, following the Scramble for Africa. Satirical drawing: "The modern civilization of Europeː France in Morocco & England in Egypt", A.H. Zaki, 1908–1914. Africa was the target of the third wave of European colonialism, after that of the Americas and Asia. [54]
There were many kingdoms and empires in all regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. [1] An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries".