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The TOC1 gene was initially discovered by Prof. Andrew Millar and colleagues in 1995 while Millar was a graduate student. Millar developed an innovative forward genetic screen in which he linked a bioluminescent reporter, firefly (), to expression of CAB (chlorophyll-a,b binding protein—see Light-harvesting complexes of green plants) in Arabidopsis.
CAB is confined to the mesophyll and guard cells and the cycling of CAB expression in the Arabidopsis plant suggests that there is a circadian clock that controls the CAB gene. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] When the plants were moved from light/dark cycles to constant darkness, CAB2 and CAB3 genes showed an exaggerated circadian cycling. [ 17 ]
Harmer discovered that the circadian clock controls Arabidopsis seedlings’ sensitivity, which was influenced by auxin; sensitive reaction to auxin was different depending on the time of day. Building off this work, Harmer wondered about the significance of circadian clock and auxin signaling network on plant growth, so she studied circadian ...
Circadian Clock Associated 1 (CCA1) is a gene that is central to the circadian oscillator of angiosperms. It was first identified in Arabidopsis thaliana in 1993. CCA1 interacts with LHY and TOC1 to form the core of the oscillator system.
He also profiled clock controlled genes (ccg) in Arabidopsis with several technologies and identified key pathways temporally controlled by circadian clock. His work on functional analyses of core clock genes, as well as ccg, successfully connected circadian rhythm with the control of development, like seedling, growth and flowering.
The Late Elongated Hypocotyl gene (LHY), is an oscillating gene found in plants that functions as part of their circadian clock. LHY encodes components of mutually regulatory negative feedback loops with Circadian Clock Associated 1 (CCA1) in which overexpression of either results in dampening of both of their expression.
Overview, including some physiological parameters, of the human circadian rhythm ("biological clock").. Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. [1]
Bacterial circadian rhythms, like other circadian rhythms, are endogenous "biological clocks" that have the following three characteristics: (a) in constant conditions (i.e. constant temperature and either constant light {LL} or constant darkness {DD}) they oscillate with a period that is close to, but not exactly, 24 hours in duration, (b) this "free-running" rhythm is temperature compensated ...