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Cranial venous outflow obstruction, also referred to as impaired cranial venous outflow, impaired cerebral venous outflow, cerebral venous impairment is a vascular disorder that involves the impairment of venous drainage from the cerebral veins of the human brain. [1] [2] The cause of cranial venous outflow obstruction is not fully understood.
The superior thalamic vein (Latin: vena superioris thalami), initially called by Benno Shlesinger in 1976 the principal thalamic vein (vena principalis thalami) or centro-medial thalamic vein (vena centro-medialis thalami), also called by Russian surgeon Pirogoff internal thalamic vein (vena interioris thalami) is the most prominent vein of the thalamus.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of traditional veins inside the deep structures of the brain, which join behind the midbrain to form the great cerebral vein (vein of Galen). This vein merges with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus which then joins the superficial venous system mentioned above at the confluence ...
The most frequently observed problems related to a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are headaches and seizures, cranial nerve afflictions including pinched nerve and palsy, [2] [3] backaches, neckaches, and nausea from coagulated blood that has made its way down to be dissolved in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Vascular thalamic amnesia occurs when the thalamus is affected by Korsakoff's syndrome or damaged by lacunar infarcts or hemorrhages. [1] Another common cause for damage to the thalamus that may contribute to the development of amnesia is a stroke. [ 2 ]
Anti-depressants are traditionally administered for treatment of mood disorders, also linked to the thalamus, and can be used to treat Dejerine–Roussy symptoms. Specifically, tricyclic anti-depressants such as amitriptyline and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been used to treat this symptom and they are effective to some degree ...
The superior thalamostriate vein or terminal vein commences in the groove between the corpus striatum and thalamus, receives numerous veins from both of these parts, and unites behind the crus of the fornix with the superior choroid vein to form each of the internal cerebral veins.
Absence of the great cerebral vein is a congenital disorder.The deep cerebral veins of the brain normally drain through the great cerebral vein. In its absence, the veins from the diencephalon and the basal ganglia drain laterally into the transverse sinus instead of conjoining in the midline through the Galenic drainage system. [8]