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It is one of two general types of trees, the other being a conifer, a tree with needle-like or scale-like leaves and seeds borne in woody cones. [1] Broad-leaved trees are sometimes known as hardwoods. [2] Most deciduous trees are broad-leaved [3] but some are coniferous, like larches. [4]
Evergreen and deciduous species vary in a range of morphological and physiological characters. Generally, broad-leaved evergreen species have thicker leaves than deciduous species, with a larger volume of parenchyma and air spaces per unit leaf area. [4] They have larger leaf biomass per unit leaf area, and hence a lower specific leaf area ...
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.Scientifically, they make up the division Pinophyta (/ p ɪ ˈ n ɒ f ɪ t ə, ˈ p aɪ n oʊ f aɪ t ə /), also known as Coniferophyta (/ ˌ k ɒ n ɪ f ə ˈ r ɒ f ɪ t ə,-oʊ f aɪ t ə /) or Coniferae.
The great majority of conifer genera and species are evergreen, retaining their leaves for several (2–40) years before falling, but unusual deciduous conifers occur in five genera (Larix, Pseudolarix, Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia and Taxodium), shedding their leaves in autumn and leafless through the winter.
Members of the family Pinaceae are trees (rarely shrubs) growing from 2 to 100 metres (7 to 300 feet) tall, mostly evergreen (except the deciduous Larix and Pseudolarix), resinous, monoecious, with subopposite or whorled branches, and spirally arranged, linear (needle-like) leaves. [3] The embryos of Pinaceae have three to 24 cotyledons.
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous (/ d ɪ ˈ s ɪ dʒ u. ə s /) [1] [2] means "falling off at maturity" [3] and "tending to fall off", [4] in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
An evergreen forest is a forest made up of evergreen trees. They occur across a wide range of climatic zones, and include trees such as conifers and holly in cold climates, eucalyptus, live oak, acacias, magnolia, and banksia in more temperate zones, and rainforest trees in tropical zones.
Most are evergreen with the leaves persisting 2–10 years, but three genera (Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia and Taxodium) are deciduous or include deciduous species. Tetraclinis cones The seed cones are either woody, leathery, or (in Juniperus ) berry-like and fleshy, with one to several ovules per scale.