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The first democracy aid programs in the Arab world, including the creation of a modest $3 million Middle East Democracy Fund, were introduced by the George H. W. Bush administration as a means of encouraging economic liberalization via political liberalization, though the projects were primarily focused on improving management and efficiency in ...
For years it was "the only academic treatment of Islamism," and served as "the basic text" on the politics of the Arab world for a generation of students. [1] Politics of Social change was written at the behest of the RAND Corporation and published by Princeton University Press. [2] It was widely reviewed and went through 6 printings. [1]
Institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank also advocated the neoliberal paradigm. Countries would get loans on the basis that certain conditionalities were used and implemented. [14] The reports of these financial institutions in the Middle East were typically constructed in a discourse of crisis.
The Middle East Partnership Initiative logo. The U.S.-Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) is a United States State Department program that fosters meaningful and effective partnerships between citizens, civil society, the private sector, and governments in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to resolve local challenges and promote shared interests in the areas of participatory ...
It has a powerful and cohesive community which at times acts like a cultural defence wall [2] against the Western influence and, as a result, limits the use of European languages in the Middle East. The rejection of globalization also appeared due to the political systems that governed the Middle East. [2]
Middle East economic integration refers to the process of improving economic cooperation, coordination, and connectivity among countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This process aims to create a unified economic space that allows for the free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor across national borders within ...
The Middle East is also a cornerstone in the Belt and Road Initiative. Chinese investment in Arab and Middle Eastern countries rose by 360% in 2021 compared to 2020, according to a study by Fudan ...
The endurance of authoritarian regimes in the Middle East is notable in comparison to the rest of the world. While such regimes have fallen throughout sub-Saharan Africa, for example, they have persisted in the Middle East. Yet Middle Eastern history also includes significant episodes of conflict between rulers and proponents of democracy. [34]