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A hydrometer or lactometer is an instrument used for measuring density or relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy. They are typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales such as specific gravity .
Hydrometry is the monitoring of the components of the hydrological cycle including rainfall, groundwater characteristics, as well as water quality and flow characteristics of surface waters. [1]
The Fahrenheit hydrometer is a device used to measure the density of a liquid. It was invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), better known for his work in thermometry . The Nicholson hydrometer , after William Nicholson (1753-1815), is similar in design, but instead of a weighted bulb at the bottom there is a small container ...
The Baumé scale is a pair of hydrometer scales developed by French pharmacist Antoine Baumé in 1768 to measure density of various liquids. The unit of the Baumé scale has been notated variously as degrees Baumé, B°, Bé° and simply Baumé (the accent is not always present). One scale measures the density of liquids heavier than water and ...
Another type of hydrometer is the electronic Oscillating Body hydrometer which determines the density of a small sample drawn into a glass tube mounted on an oscillating mechanism. The difference in frequency between the test sample and a reference sample of distilled water is a measure of the density of the sample, which is displayed digitally.
Hydrostatic bubbles, also known as philosophical bubbles, gravity beads, aerometrical beads and hydrometer beads, are a type of hydrometer invented in 1757 by Alexander Wilson of Glasgow. [1] The design was subsequently improved and patented by the glassblower and instrument maker Isabella Lovi [ 2 ] of Edinburgh in 1805. [ 3 ]
The elevator paradox relates to a hydrometer placed on an "elevator" or vertical conveyor that, by moving to different elevations, changes the atmospheric pressure. In this classic demonstration, the floating hydrometer remains at an equilibrium position. Essentially, a hydrometer measures specific gravity of liquids independent of barometric ...
A hydroscope is any of several instruments related to water: . One kind is an instrument for making observations below the surface of water, [1] such as a long tube fitted with various lenses arranged so that objects lying at the bottom can be reflected upon a screen on the deck of the ship that carries it.