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Subsets of functional neurological disorders include functional neurologic symptom disorder (FNsD) (conversion disorder), functional movement disorder, and functional seizures. The diagnosis is made based on positive signs and symptoms in the history and examination during consultation of a neurologist. [3]
Functional weakness is weakness of an arm or leg without evidence of damage or a disease of the nervous system. Patients with functional weakness experience symptoms of limb weakness which can be disabling and frightening such as problems walking or a 'heaviness' down one side, dropping things or a feeling that a limb just doesn't feel normal or 'part of them'.
Conversion disorder is now partly contained under functional neurological symptom disorder (FNsD). In cases of conversion disorder, there is a psychological stressor. The diagnostic criteria for functional neurologic symptom disorder, as set out in DSM-5, are:
Feeling this would indicate an organic cause of the paresis. If the examiner does not feel the "normal" leg's heel pushing down as the patient flexes the hip of the "weak" limb, then this suggests functional weakness (sometimes called "conversion disorder"), i.e. that effort is not being transmitted to either leg. [citation needed]
Functional visual loss (FVL) also known as Functional vision loss or Nonorganic visual loss (NOVL) is a reduction in visual acuity or loss of visual field that has no physiological or organic basis. This disease can come under the spectrum of functional neurological disorder or somatic symptom disorder .
Somatic symptom disorder and bodily distress disorder have significant overlap with functional disorders and are often assigned if someone would benefit from psychological therapies addressing psychological or behavioural factors which contribute to the persistence of symptoms. However, people with symptoms partly explained by structural ...
Somatoform disorders are now called somatic symptom and related disorders. Patients that present with chronic pain can now be diagnosed with the mental illness somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain; or psychological factors that affect other medical conditions; or with an adjustment disorder. [11] [27] [28] [29] [30]
Somatic symptom disorder is frequently associated with functional pain syndromes like fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). [11] Somatic symptom disorder typically leads to poor functioning, interpersonal issues, unemployment or problems at work, and financial strain as a result of excessive healthcare visits. [9]