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Coal-gas lighting: William Murdoch (1754–1839) [28] The Stirling heat engine: Rev. Robert Stirling (1790–1878) [29] Carbon brushes for dynamos: George Forbes (1849–1936) [30] The Clerk cycle gas engine: Sir Dugald Clerk (1854–1932) [31] The wave-powered electricity generator: by South African Engineer Stephen Salter in 1977 [32]
By 1818 Stirling had incorporated this Heat Economiser into a piston engine that created a closed cycle heat engine, which was powered by air, a contrast to the steam engines that were predominant at the time. This updated version of the heat engine was used to pump water from a quarry. [22]
William Murdoch was born in Bello Mill near Old Cumnock in Ayrshire, Scotland, the third of seven children and the first son to survive beyond infancy.A son of John Murdoch, a former Hanoverian artillery gunner and a Millwright and tenant of Bello Mill on the estate of James Boswell in Auchinleck, he was educated until the age of ten at the Old Cumnock Kirk School before attending Auchinleck ...
This engine was fuelled by gas vapours, used the piston's intake stroke to draw in outside air, and the air/fuel mixture was ignited by an external flame. [6] Another gas engine was also patented in 1794 by Thomas Mead. [7] 1801: The concept of using compression in a two-stroke gas engine was theorised by French engineer Philippe LeBon D ...
Perkins Diesel Conversions & Factory fitted units, by Allan T. Condie, 2nd edition 2000, ISBN 0-907742-79-3 The 4 107T was used in UK Military electricity generating sets, the engines when in need an overhaul were rebuilt by a Kent based engineering works in Ramsgate, adjacent to the inner Harbour known as Walkers Marine (Marine Engineers) Ltd. Houchins of Ashford an MOD contractor would send ...
Prior to this time the commercial engines available had been the Lenoir engine from 1860, a non-compression engine which worked on a double-acting two-stroke cycle, but spent half of each stroke drawing gas into the cylinder. The Hugon engine was a slightly improved version, but both were quite inefficient (95 and 85 cubic feet of gas per HP ...
There were two grades of aviation gasoline produced in volume in Germany, the B-4 or blue grade and the C-3 or green grade, which accounted for about two-thirds of all production. B-4 was equivalent to 89-octane and the C-3 was roughly equal to the U.S. 100-octane, though lean mixture was rated around 95-octane and was poorer than the U.S. version.
Scottish politics in the late 18th century was dominated by the Whigs, with the benign management of Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll (1682–1761), who was in effect the "viceroy of Scotland" from the 1720s until his death in 1761. Scotland generally supported the king with enthusiasm during the American Revolution.