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Wood anatomy is a scientific sub-area of wood science, [1] which examines the variations in xylem anatomical characteristics across trees, shrubs, and herbaceous species to explore inquiries related to plant function, growth, and the environment.
Giant sequoia. Silvics of North America (1991), [1] a forest inventory compiled and published by the United States Forest Service, includes many conifers. [a] It superseded Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States (1965), which was the first extensive American tree inventory. [3]
The microscopic structure of conifer wood consists of two types of cells: parenchyma, which have an oval or polyhedral shape with approximately identical dimensions in three directions, and strongly elongated tracheids. Tracheids make up more than 90% of timber volume.
InsideWood is an online resource and database for wood anatomy, serving as a reference, research, and teaching tool. Wood anatomy is a sub-area within the discipline of wood science. [1] [2] This freely accessible database is purely scientific and noncommercial.
The hardest hardwoods are much harder than any softwood, [4] but in both groups there is enormous variation with the range of wood hardness of the two groups overlapping. For example, balsa wood, which is a hardwood, is softer than most softwoods, whereas the longleaf pine , Douglas fir , and yew softwoods are much harder than several hardwoods.
Despite the fact that the summers are dry, the air is consistently humid due to frequent coastal fog brought in by interior heat. The fog also supplies irrigation when it passes through the conifer needles of the pines. The moisture is caught this way and drips to the forest floor. Thus, drought is avoided by up to 40%. [3]
The Monterey pine (always called "Radiata Pine" or Pinus radiata in New Zealand) was first introduced into New Zealand in 1859 [31] [32] and today 89% of the country's plantation forests are of this species. [33] This includes the Kaingaroa Forest (on the central plateau of the North Island), which is one of the largest planted forests in the ...
The largest trees are defined as having the highest wood volume in a single stem. These trees are both tall and large in diameter and, in particular, hold a large diameter high up the trunk. Measurement is very complex, particularly if branch volume is to be included as well as the trunk volume, so measurements have only been made for a small ...