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An image of the Gulf Stream's path and its related branches The average number of days per year with precipitation The average amount of sunshine yearly (hours). The climate of western Europe is strongly conditioned by the Gulf Stream, which keeps mild air (for the latitude) over Northwestern Europe in the winter months, especially in Ireland, the United Kingdom and coastal Norway.
On January 28, 1999, the town of Pokka in Kittilä, Lapland, Finland, experienced an extreme cold temperature of −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F), marking the coldest on record in the European Union. [7] The two weather stations in Italy and the one in Germany in the table below. That recorded the lowest temperature during the year.
In Denmark, January temperatures average between −2 °C (28 °F) and 4 °C (39 °F). [2] Denmark's coldest month, however, is February, when the mean temperature is 0 °C (32 °F). [3] The number of hours of sunlight per day does increase during the month of February for Denmark, where they get seven to eight hours a day. [4]
The average temperature last month stood at 13.23C, which is 0.79C above the 1991 to 2020 average for January and 1.75C above the pre-industrial level, according to European space agency Copernicus.
The average yearly temperature is around 23 °C (73 °F) during the day and 16 °C (61 °F) at night (one of the warmest temperature averages in Europe). In the coldest month – January – the typical maximum temperature ranges from 12 to 20 °C (54 to 68 °F) during the day and the minimum from 6 to 12 °C (43 to 54 °F) at night.
The most severe snowy weather began on 5 January in North West England and west Scotland with temperatures hitting a low of −17.6 °C (0.3 °F) in Greater Manchester, England. [3] The snow spread to Southern England on 6 January and by 7 January the United Kingdom was blanketed in snow, [2] which was captured by NASA's Terra satellite. [4]
Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.4 °C (65.1 °F) [1] inland in July, the warmest month, and from −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) on the Baltic islands to −5.3 °C (22.5 °F) inland in February, the coldest month. [1]
Temperatures vary only slightly, both on a diurnal and a seasonal basis, and averages range from 9 °C (48.2 °F) in January to 21 °C (69.8 °F) in July. The moderating effects of the sea are less prominent further inland, where temperatures are more extreme than those on the coast.